Simple Present Tense

Kita menggunakan Simple Present Tense:

1.      Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.

2.      Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.

3.      Untuk menyatakan kecakapan, kemampuan, watak atau sifat seseorang.

Rumus:

-          KALIMAT NOMINAL

(+) S + TO BE + 3C (three complement)

(-)  S + TO BE + NOT + 3C

(?) TO BE + S + 3C

Contoh;

(+) I am teacher.

(-)  I am not teacher.

(?) Am I teacher?

To be ada 3:

am	I
Is	She, he is
are	You, we, they

3C (tiga pelengkap), yaitu:

1.      Noun   = kata benda

-          Table                    = meja

-          Chair                     = kursi

-          Student                 = siswa

-          Teacher                = Guru

-          Parents                 =orang tua

-          Beach                    = pantai

2.      Adjective        = kata sifat

-          Beautiful               = cantik

-          Smart                    = pintar

-          Lazy                      = malas

-          Slim                       = langsing

-          Pretty                    = cantik

-          Ugly                       = jelek

3.      Adverb           = kata keterangan

Adverb of time          = keterangan waktu

-          In the morning    = pada pagi hari

-          In the afternoon  = pada siang hari

-          Every morning    = setiap pagi

-          On Monday          = pada hari senin

Adverb of place         = keterangan tempat

-          In the bank           = di bank

-          On the table         = diatas meja

-          In the office          = dikantor

-          In the bathroom  = dikamar mandi

-          KALIMAT VERBAL

(+) S + V₁ (es/s) + O + Adverb

(-)  S + Do/Does + Not + V₁ + O + Adverb

(?) Do/Does + S + V₁ + O + Adverb

Contoh:

(+) I wash my cloth every day.

(-)  I do not wash my cloth every day.

(?) Do I wash my cloth every day?

(+) She washes her cloth every day.

(-)  She does not wash her cloth every day.

(?) Does she wash her cloth every day?

Catatan Penting:

Jika dalam kalimat verbal subjeknya berupa orang ketiga tunggal (She, He, It, Ida), maka verb atau kata kerjanya harus ditambah S/ES.

Aturan pemakaian S/ES

a.       Jika verbnya berakhiran SS, SH, CH, X, Z dan O, maka jika bertemu dengan subjek orang ketiga tunggal ditambah ES.

Contoh:

Discuss            Discusses              = diskusi

Wash               Washes                 = mencuci

Watch             Watches                = menonton

Fix                   Fixes                      = memperbaiki

Buzz               Buzzes                   = mendengung

Go                   Goes                      = pergi

b.      Jika verbnya berakhiran Y dan sebelumnya beruba huruf konsonan, maka Y diganti I dan ditambah ES.

Contoh:          

Fly                  Flies                       = terbang

Study             Studies                  = belajar

Hurry            Hurries                  = tergesa-gesa

c.       Jika verbnya berakhiran Y tapi sebelumnya berupa huruf vocal, maka Y tidak perlu diganti dan hanya menambah S.

Contoh:

Buy                Buys                      = membeli

Say                 Says                       = berkata

d.      Jika selain berakhiran selain huruf-huruf di atas, maka tinggal menambah S.

Contoh:

Walk                Walks                    = berjalan

Wake               Wakes                   = bangun

Sing                 Sings                      = bernyanyi/menyanyi

Read                Reads                    = membaca

Dalam simple present tense yang kalimat verbal, bentuk negative dan interrogative nya menggunakan Do dan Does.

Aturan penggunaan Do dan Does

a.       Kita menggunakan Do jika subjeknya bukan orang ketiga tunggal, yaitu:

I                                   = saya

You                             = kamu/kalian

We                              = kita

They                           = mereka

Parents                       = kedua orang tua

Kiki and Santi             = mereka

Amel and I                  = kita

Naomi and you          = kalian

b.      Kita menggunakan Does jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal, yaitu:

She                  = dia perempuan

He                   = dia laki-laki

It                      = dia/itu untuk benda

Fish                 = ikan

Cici                  = orang/dia

Time signal (keterangan waktu)

Dalam Simple Present Tense, ada beberapa keterangan waktu yang digunakan:

-          Every day             : setiap hari

-          Every morning    : setiap pagi

-          Every night          : setiap malam

-          Every week          : setiap minggu

-          Every month        : setiap bulan

-          Every year           : setiap tahun

Adverb of Frequency (keterangan frekuensi/keseringan):

-          Always      : selalu

-          Usually      : biasanya

-          Often         : sering

Kita meletakkan adverb of frequency:

-          Setelah  TO BE dalam kalimat nominal

-          Sebelum kata kerja atau VERB dalam kalimat verbal.

Contoh:

(+) I always go to school every day.

(-)  I do not always go to school every day.

(?) Do I always go to school every day?

(+) She is always late.

(-)  She is not always late.

(?) Is she always late?

Example of Simple Present Tense in a Text:

DELLA’S DAILY LIFE

Della usually gets up at five in the morning. After taking shower, she takes praying. Della always helps his mother every morning. Her mother prepares breakfast for the family. Della makes her bed, and she wakes her brother up. She cleans the house and her brother feeds the chicken and then he takes a bath. At 6.15 they have breakfast, and at 6.30 Della goes to school with her mom by motorcycle. Her brother goes to school by bicycle. Her father goes to the office by car.