Simple Past Tense

Kita menggunakan Simple Past Tense:

1.      Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah dilakukan diwaktu lampau.

Rumus:

-          KALIMAT NOMINAL

(+) S + TO BE (was/were) + 3C

(-)  S + TO BE + NOT + 3C

(?) TO BE + S + 3C

      YES, S + TO BE

      NO, S + TO BE + NOT

Contoh:

(+) She was stupid.

(-)  She was not stupid.

(?) Was she stupid?

      Yes, she was.

      No, she was not.

(+) They were nice boys.

(-)  They were not nice boys.

(?) Were they nice boys?

      Yes, they were.

      No, they were not.

To Be Past ada 2:

was	I, She, He, It
were	You, We, They

-          KALIMAT VERBAL

(+) S + V₂ + O + Adverb

(-)  S + DID + NOT + V₁ + O + Adverb

(?) DID + S + V₁ + O + Adverb

      YES, S + DID

      NO, S + DID + NOT

Contoh:

(+) We watched a good movie last night.

(-)  We did not watch a good movie last night.

(?) Did we watch a good movie last night?

      Yes, we did.

      No, we did not.

(+) She went to her teacher’s house last week.

(-)  She did not go to her teacher’s house last week.

(?) Did she go to her teacher’s house last week?

      Yes, she did.

      No, she did not.

Dalam simple past tense, kalimat verbal yang negative dan interogatif tidak menggunakan Do atau Does, akan tetapi menggunakan DID dan ini digunakan untuk semua subjek.

Time signal

Keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam simple past tense, yaitu:

-          This morning       = pagi ini

-          Yesterday             = kemaren

-          Last week             = minggu lalu

-          Last night             = tadi malam

-          Last month           = bulan lalu

-          Two days ago      = dua hari yang lalu

-          Last year              = tahun lalu

Catatan Penting:

Kata kerja atau verb akan mengalami perubahan bentuk sesuai dengan tenses dalam kalimat. Ada dua jenis perubahan bentuk kata kerja yaitu regular verbs (kata kerja teratur) dan irregular verbs (kata kerja tidak teratur).

a.       Kata kerja teratur (regular verbs) adalah kata kerja yang bentuk kedua (past) dan ketiganya (past participle) ditambah dengan akhiran –ed. Atau jika kata kerja itu berakhiran dengan huruf e maka tinggal ditambah akhiran –d saja.

Contoh:

Work        Worked          Worked

Talk           Talked                        Talked

Want         Wanted           Wanted

Handle      Handled          Handled

b.      Kata kerja tidak teratur (irregular verbs) adalah kata kerja yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya berubah atau sama sekali tidak berubah. Kata kerja ini tidak memerlukan penambahan –ed atau –d pada akhir kata.
Bentuk irregular verbs dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok sebagai berikut:

(1)    Kata kerja yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya tidak berubah dari bentuk pertamanya, misalnya:

Bet      Bet      Bet

Cut      Cut      Cut

Hurt    Hurt    Hurt

(2)    Kata kerja yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya sama tetapi berbeda dengan bentuk pertamanya, misalnya:

Bleed              Bled                Bled

Breed              Bred                Bred

Cling                Clung              Clung

(3)    Kata kerja yang bentuk pertama, bentuk kedua, dan bentuk ketiganya tidak sama. Sebagai contoh misalnya:

Take                Took               Taken

Arise               Arose              Arisen

Backbite         Backbit           Backbitten

Example in a text:

The Frog in the Well

There was a frog that lived in a shallow well.

” Look how well off I am here! ” he told a big turtle from the Eastern Ocean. ” I can hop along the coping of the well when I go out, and rest by a crevice in the bricks on my return. I can wallow to my heart’s content with only my head above water, or stroll ankle deep through soft mud. No crabs or tadpoles can compare with me. I am master of the water and lord of this shallow well, What more can a fellow ask? Why don’t you come here more often to have a good time? “

Before the turtle from the Eastern Ocean could get his left foot into the well, however, he caught his right claw on something. So he halted and stepped back then began to describe the ocean to the frog.

It’s more than a thousand miles across and more than ten thousand feet deep. In ancient times there were floods nine years out of ten yet the water in the ocean never increased.

And later there were droughts seven years out of eight yet the water in the ocean never grew less. It has remained quite constant throughout the ages. That is why I like to live in the Eastern Ocean.

Then the frog in the shallow well was silent and felt a little abashed.

abashed

If you are abashed, you feel embarrassed and ashamed.