Past Perfect Tense

Kita menggunakan Past Perfect Tense:

1.      Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah terjadi sebelum kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau.

Contoh:

John had traveled around the world before he got married last year

Rumus

-          KALIMAT NOMINAL

(+) S + HAD + BEEN + 3C

(-)  S + HAD + NOT + BEEN + 3C

(?) HAD + S + BEEN + 3C

      YES, S + HAD

      NO, S + HAD + NOT

Contoh:

(+) She had been in Malang.

(-)  She had not been in Malang.

(?) Had she been in Malang?

      Yes, she had.

      No, she had not.

(+) She had been in Malang when I came yesterday.

(-)  She had not been in Malang years when I came yesterday.

(?) Had she been in Malang when I came yesterday?

      Yes, she had.

      No, she had not.

-          KALIMAT VERBAL

(+) S + HAD + V₃ + O

(-)  S + HAD + NOT + V₃ + O

(?) HAD + S + V₃ + O

      YES, S + HAD

      NO, S + HAD NOT

Contoh:

(+) She had finished the work.

(-)  She had not finished the work.

(?) Had she finished the work?

      Yes, she had.

      No, she had not.

(+) Serly had finished the work when her boss called her this morning.

(-)  Serly had not finished the work when her boss called her this morning.

(?) Had Serly finished the work when her boss called her this morning?

      Yes, she had.

      No, she had not

Catatan Penting

Konsep dua kejadian

1.      Jika ada dua kejadian yang awalnya dan berlangsungnya bersamaan.

When        : Ketika

As              : Ketika

While        : - Ketika/sementara jika objeknya beda

                          - Sambil jika objeknya sama.

              Subjeknya sama

       Contoh:

            Ali was smoking while he was reading.

            Ali was smoking while reading.

            While reading, Ali was smoking.

b           Subjeknya berbeda

       Contoh:

            While Ahmad was sweeping the floor, Ila was playing football in the room this morning.

            Ila was playing football in the room, while Ahmad was sweeping the floor this morning.

2.      Jika ada dua kejadian, kejadian pertama sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian lain berlangsung.

Kata sambung yang digunakan:

When   =     Ketika

As          =    Ketika/Sementara

While    =    Sementara

Contoh:

When Ahmad was eating apple, someone called him.

Someone called Ahmad when he was eating apple.

3.      Jika ada dua kejadian, kejadian pertama sudah berlangsung dan masih berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi.

Contoh:

Anisa had been sleeping for 2 hours when Lala came last night.

4.      Jika ada dua kejadian, kejadian pertama sudah selesai ketika kejadian kedua terjadi.

Kata sambung yang digunakan:

After         + Kejadian pertama (Past Perfect)

Before      + Kejadian Kedua (Simple Past)

When        : Kejadian pertama dan kedua

Contoh:

I understood the lesson after I had studied it.

Before I took a bath, I had swept the floor.

When she came to my house, I had taken a bath.

5.      Jika ada dua kejadian, kejadian pertama selesai, kejadian kedua terjadi.

Kata sambung yang digunakan:

After         + Kejadian pertama

Before      + Kejadia kedua

Contoh:

After I cleaned the bath room, I swept the floor.

Ringkasan dua kejadian:

1.      Bersamaan           : past continuous + past continuous

2.      Berurutan                        : past continuous + simple past

3.      Berurutan                        : past perfect continuous (ada time duration) + simple past

4.      Berurutan                        : past perfect (selesai) + simple past

5.      Berurutan                        : simple past + simple past